CPS

Creative Problem Solving to Improve Students’ Higher Order Thinking Skills in Mathematics Instructions

Ezi Apino¹, Heri Retnawati²

¹Master Program of Mathematics Education, Yogyakarta State University

²Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Yogyakarta State University

apinoezi@gmail.com

 Abstract—The 21^st century skills requires students not only have the conceptual knowledge, but also must have the skills to think and skill in the application of knowledge. High order thinking skills (HOTS) is one of the skills that students required to face the competition in the 21^st century. One effort that can be done to improve students’ HOTS namely through the implementation of creative problem solving (CPS) models in mathematics instruction. CPS can be implemented in mathematics instructions through the steps: (1) finding the objective of the problems (objective-finding); (2) analyzing facts or informations from the problems (fact-finding); (3) analyzing the important questions from the problem (problem-finding); (4) exploring ideas to solve the problem (idea-finding); (5) analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the ideas found (solution-finding); and (6) making the conclusion from the process of problem solving (acceptance-finding). CPS can improve students' HOTS because: (a) the product or outcomes of learning by using CPS can be used to evaluate high order thinking skills; (b) present a meaningful learning activities; (c) effectively used individually or groups; (d) empower students to construct the knowledge; (e) as a variation in learning activities that involve problem solving; (f) fostering the understanding that not all the problems have only one solution that is right; and (g) presentation of challenging problems (creative problem) can attract and motivate students to learn.

Keywords: creative problem solving, higher order thinking skills, mathematics instructions

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